The DVB standard has been providing the best services worldwide for more than 20 years. With it inseparably connected, the terms program diversity, high image quality and transmission stability.
The new DVB
But time does not stop. Especially in the past three years, the TV world has changed dramatically. High definition is now standard, interactive TV services are emerging, and mobile media access is experiencing rapid growth. Already with Ultra High Definition (UHD) announces the next evolutionary stage. It offers immense picture quality, but is also extremely data-hungry. All of these services are increasingly used for transport. This applies to the dispatch via antenna, mobile radio and cable. The question of the transmission efficiency of the networks is therefore becoming more urgent: if the networks lag behind other developments, they may turn out to be an innovation brake.
Politics pushes at
This is where the second generation of the DVB standard comes into play. The satellite reception has already implemented it in the course of the HDTV introduction long ago. For antenna and cable reception DVB-T2 and -C2, however, no need has yet been identified. In many countries, DVB-T2 is already in use such as the UK, Italy or, more recently, Austria. The young DVB-C2 standard was released in April 2010, but is nowhere in regular operation.
Hesitant decision
The reasons for the restraint against the DVB second version in the United States are complex. On the one hand, the assessments for its necessity are far apart. On the other hand, cable and antenna networks follow their own market conditions independently.
No jam in the cable
Antenna televisions are currently under discussion, involving the federal government, DVB-T network operators and mobile operators. The positions seem quite hard.
In its "Strategy Paper 2017", the Federal Network Agency shows that it would like to push the broadband expansion for the Internet in unison with Europe. It is responsible for the allocation of broadcasting frequencies. The precarious point: Among other things, it wants to provide the broadband mobile radio frequencies in the 700-megahertz range - and the so far uses the antenna television. 30% of the current DVB-T transmission capacity would be lost.
All about HEVC - High Efficiency Video Coding
When the request became known, violent discussions began. The most important network operator, the public-sector broadcaster ARD, takes the position - quite unpublically - with only fragmented information position. As a voice tube, the Deutsche TV platform is expressing in a current position paper that the frequencies for a change to DVB-T2 as well as for a longer period after that exist existentially for the antennensfernsehen
Jochen Mezger of the Institute of Radio Technology (IRT) agrees with video on request that the frequencies are at least necessary for the conversion. The reason: DVB-T and -T2 will be broadcast jointly ("simulcast operation") within a transitional time, since the new DVB versions also require new receivers. The parallel radiation should make the change more user-friendly.
At the latest, in the context of the frequency discussion, it would be high time for ARD and Kompagnon ZDF to press on the gas. But far from it: "There is still no decision by the ARD as to whether and, if so, when a change in the terrestrial distribution of its television programs should take place", was until recently the stereotypical information, which was valid for both transmitters
Just before the completion of this report, ARD and ZDF were finally announcing new developments - if again extremely timid. From 2017 onwards, they wanted to switch over to DVB-T2 successively.Support: To create the change, the 700 MHz frequencies are needed until at least 2020.
So there are still a few years ahead of DVB-T customers. What concrete innovations they expect, the public broadcasters are silent. Questions about high-definition transmissions or interference-free mobile TV reception remain unanswered. The channel KIKA and ZDFneo would be broadcast around the clock, according to the announcement.
Practice: Sat-to-IP - Satellite TV by network
Different opinions
Media broadcast as another DVB-T network operator is more concrete. The cornerstones here are HDTV and mobile TV reception. Area manager Bernd Heimermann sees the need to signal to consumers and politicians that the antenna technology remains technically on the ball and therefore has an existence right. In doing so, he also uses the much-discussed frequencies for the conversion phase.
Carine Lea Chardon from the Central Association of the Electrical Engineering and Electronics Industries (ZVEI) also considers a signal to the policy. It assumes that the federation of DVB-T network operators "wants a clear statement about DVB-T2". Ultimately, it is a matter of not wasting any frequency capacity.
Manufacturers without opinion
On the cable the conditions look different. There is currently no need to intervene in politics: there is no acute shortage of the "resource" frequency. However, the cable network operators must also operate with their transmission capacity. How do opinions differ widely? The largest network operator Kabel Deutschland GmbH (KDG) is expecting a further increase in the number of high-definition transmitters. According to Christoph Schaaf, Head of New Technologies, there are also ongoing Internet services such as Video on Demand in HD. And Ultra High Definition (UHD) looks as the next image quality level.
Ultra HD - The new generation of television
KDG wants to create space for such offers with DVB-C2. "We see this as a major innovation step," Schaaf points out. The KDG plays a pioneering role. Since June, the operator has been testing the new standard in Berlin, Hamburg and Munich. The results are consistently positive. "We want to get started," says Schaaf. He sees UHD as an opportunity. For both DVB-C2 and UHD, the TV viewer needs new receivers. It is now possible to jointly introduce both innovations.
Conclusion
The technology: DVB-C2 and -T2
If there were only one cable network operator, the new DVB standard would be introduced here so soon. But the competition is different. The second largest television network operator, Unitymedia Kabel BW, also sees the need for DVB-C2. "However, we do not have specific timetables for upgrading our networks to DVB-C2," says Daniel Hesselbarth, Director CPE & Product Innovations. Only when UHD is "large-scale available" is it possible to get started.
Reinhard Sauer from the Tele Columbus Group again doubts C2. It considers the Internet transmission as a solution for possible capacity bottlenecks. Until then, DVB-C would be sufficiently powerful. In addition to the large network operators, there are also many small providers in the United States. These have not yet been discussed on the subject.
The third large group in DVB-Bunde are the TV and box manufacturers. They consider the situation to be rather neutral. The credo is that the decision for or against the DVB secondary version is the responsibility of the network operators. Until then, keep with corresponding devices. Receivers for C2 and T2 would easily master the old standards. Sony is currently the only manufacturer to offer TV sets for DVB-C2. The number of antennas is larger because of the demand from other countries. the United States is, after all, a beneficiary.
DVB-T2 brings interference-free mobile TV reception and high definition. DVB-C2 is one of the pioneers of UHD. These are real value-added services for the TV viewer.
UHD is still low in popularity among consumers. This is likely to change soon. The requirements for DVB-T will also increase. Stable mobile TV reception is an important argument for aerial television, and Full HD certainly want the viewers soon. The public broadcasting corporations will therefore have to become more concrete soon. The introduction of DVB-C2 in the cable network, on the other hand, is likely to be inconsistent. It will start at the latest with the first UHD program, which starts the satellite competition. And then there is a pulling force.
The most important set-point for the second generation of DVB-C and -T is square amplitude modulation (QAM). It is a combination of the well-known amplitude and frequency modulation methods, which have already been used to broadcast or store analog video and audio signals. In this case, radioswaves are modified (modulated) in their amplitude (in graphic 1: "AM") or in their frequency (in graphic 1: "FM") so that they transmit a desired, "modulated" Signal ").
The modulated waves shown can, however, occupy only one state at a time-and thus also transmit only a single information. Thanks to QAM and digital language, however, numerous states and thus also a correspondingly large number of video and audio information can be transmitted at the same time. In DVB-T, there are 64 states (64 QAM), DVB-C creates 256 states (256 QAM).
DVB-T2 reaches 256, DVB-C2 1,024 QAM, which represents a clear increase in efficiency. For illustrative purposes, the cable network currently handles around five gigabits per second data rate. With C2, almost three gigabits would be added.
This corresponds to a capacity for 300 more HDTV stations. The lab photo shows such a 1,024-QAM diagram. Each gray area therein corresponds to a so-called symbol. The video and audio signal information is composed of them.
In order to be able to transmit a larger number of states simultaneously, not only highly developed modulators are required to generate and emit the signals. The correspondingly accurate signal transmission through the networks must also be possible so that the receivers receive the information without errors. The current infrastructure of the networks meets the requirements of the second DVB generation. The standard itself, however, still allows growth. Experimental has already been tested with 2.048 and 4.096 QAM.
For this purpose, glass fiber cables would then be required in order to achieve the correspondingly high precision during signal transport. DVB-T distribution seems currently inappropriate for such QAM levels.